Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban street dust within three land-uses of Babylon governorate, Iraq: Distribution, sources, and health risk assessment

This study is considered to be the first investigation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in terms distribution and sources identification for three land-use Babylon governorate, Iraq. Potential US EPA priority PAHs were identified by employing diagnostic ratio as well principal component analysis (PCA) method. Additionally, Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) model was determined order assess risk exposure individual street dust (SD). Findings indicated that total sixteen concentrations samples 555.9, 1388, 1221.8 µg Kg?1 Residential Area, Industrial Commercial area, respectively, with an average 1055 Kg?1. Moreover, findings pointed out percentages both LMW HMW (included MMW) accounted 38.3% 61.7% PAHs, respectively. Two components are founded PCA 75.8% contributed 24.2% PAHs. Ratios results nutshell predominance pyrogenic source suggested possible such emission from vehicles, regular gas fuel combustion activities, coal wood, major cause SD all governorate. Results ILCR stated cancer targeted individuals exposed more than 10-4 referred increase potential health risk. The contamination governorate needs urgently addressed on priority. this work beneficial utilize it a benchmark future research.